It is called hydrogen exponent or ph scale or ph value simply ph. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. Solutions having the value of ph equal to 7 on ph scale are known as neutral solutions. By convention, we use the ph scale3 to denote hydrogen ion concentrations. Given a chemical equation, write the law of mass action. For more information on notes this chapter, visit byjus.
The ph scale is logarithmic and therefore ph is a dimensionless quantity. Class 10 chapter 2 science notes acids, bases, and salts. The lower the ph then the more acidic the solution is. The use of scientific notation to describe ion concentrations is somewhat cumbersome, and chemists have agreed to employ a ph scale to state the concentration of hydronium ions the capital h in ph stands for hydrogen. A conjugate acid has one more proton than the base has, and a conjugate base one less proton than the acid has. Gcse chemistry revision science section on acids and alkalis, looking at the ph scale, naming salts and investigating the ph of the ocean.
Salts are made when acids and bases react together. Cbse 10, chemistry, cbse acids, bases and salts, notes. The conjugate base cb of a bl acid is the base which forms when the acid has donated a proton. The term, widely used in chemistry, biology, and agronomy, translates the values of the concentration of the hydrogen ionwhich ordinarily ranges between about 1 and 10. Petes powerpoint station is your destination for free powerpoint presentations for kids and teachers about ph scale, and so much more. Free acid base chemistry books download ebooks online. The relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution is reported by the ph scale, which is a measure of the. In the left column, list common properties of these acids and alkalis bases. Fundamentally, a ph meter consists of a voltmeter attached to a ph responsive electrode and a reference unvarying electrode. Ph meter, electric device used to measure hydrogenion activity acidity or alkalinity in solution. Chemistry preliminary course 2011 1 acidbase reactions the ph concept. Strong acid solutions, strong base solutions, weak acid solutions, weak base solutions. Level chemistry revision notes a level chemistry revision notes pdf a level chemistry textbook pdf.
Short notes on the principles of biophysical chemistry. The strength of an acid or base can also be determined using a ph scale. The ph scale ph scale and indicators gcse chemistry. Calculating the ph of a strong acid or base solution. The ph scale is a numerical scale which is used to show how acidic or alkaline a solution is. Acidity and basicity, proton concentration, the ph scale, and buffers.
The ph scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution. Acids and bases are the only molecules different from ionic crystals that ionize dissociate when dissolved in water. The relationship among ph, poh, and the acidity or basicity of a solution is summarized graphically in figure 16. Chemistry preliminary course 2011 2 lecture topics. According to le chateliers principle, if the temperature is changed kw value will change so ph of pure water will no. Aqueous solutions at 25c with a ph less than 7 are acidic, while those with a ph greater than 7 are basic or alkaline. Note that water can act as either an acid or a base. Calculate the ph of an acidic solution prepared by adding enough water to 5 grams of hydrochloric acid to make a solution that has a volume of 1 liter. Give examples of biological buffers and ask the students to explain how they work. The ph scale is used to measure acidity and alkalinity. The bronstedlowry definition of acids and bases is the most useful for. To help my kids grasp the difference between the two, and how to use the ph scale, we completed a few acids and bases experiments for middle school.
It is recommended that you download this pdf document and assignment to. Given the equilibrium constant k eq for a reaction, predict whether the reactants or products are predominant. It goes from 1 14 extremely acidic substances can have values of below 1. Chemistry notes chapters 20 and 21 acids and bases. Chemistry notes chapters 20 and 21 acids and bases neutralization goals. It is therefore convenient to represent them on a more compressed logarithmic scale. The conjugate acid ca of a bl base is the acid which forms when the base has accepted a proton. Dr mike lyons school of chemistry trinity college dublin. The relationship between acid strength and the ph of a solution. The iupac ph scale also includes thermodynamic factors, which may influence ph.
This is represented be a change or difference in colour observed when an acid or alkali is added to an ph indicator. Have students draw and label the ph scale without looking at their notes. Murdoch page 7 of 55 website upload lecture notes arrhenius acids. The ph scale and neutralisation the ph runs from 0 strongly acidic through 7 neutral to 14 strongly alkaline. Chemistry pdf acids, bases, and the ph scale chemistry notes. If you dissolve an indicator in a solution, it will change colors when the solutions ph changes. For example, at a ph of zero the hydronium ion concentration is one. Here is the definition of ph in chemistry, with examples of acidic and alkaline values of common household products and lab chemicals.
The ph scale shows the strength of bases and acids. Chemistry notes chemistry pdf acids, bases, and the ph scale nursing school notes chemistry notes school study tips dissociation organic chemistry biochemistry textbook play more information. Free powerpoint presentations about ph scale for kids. The entire ncert textbook questions have been solved by best teachers for you. Student completion of acids, bases, and the ph scale handouts will assess the above objectives. At other temperatures, the ph changes because the equilibrium changes. Free pdf download best collection of cbse topper notes, important questions, sample papers and ncert solutions for cbse class 10 chemistry acids, bases and salts. The ph scale introductory chemistry 1st canadian edition.
All acids have ph values below 7, all alkalis have ph values of above 7. Cliffsnotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what youre studying, cliffsnotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. Swbat classify substances as acids or bases using the ph scale, ph indicator, and litmus paper. The ph responsive electrode is usually glass, and the reference is. Even if youve never set foot in a chemistry lab, chances are you know a thing or two. Acids and bases one of our recent science lessons was on acids, bases and the ph scale. The further from 7 you go the more acidic or basic something is. Acidbase reactions tcd chemistry trinity college dublin. In chemistry, an indicator is a substance that changes color when the ph of its environment is changed. For most situations, the standard ph definition is sufficient. Use le chateliers principle to explain how a chemical reaction at equilibrium responds when a. Chemistry notes chemistry pdf acids, bases, and the. Fill up the ph scale below with examples of acid and alkalis bases in the right column. Doodle notes for teaching acids, bases and the ph scale these doodle notes are a visual learning tool for helping your students understand acids, bases, neutralization and the ph scale.
It is common that the ph scale is argued to range from 014 or perhaps 114, but neither is correct. The ph scale is an easy way to express very small h 3 o. Ideal for middle school or upper elementary science, doodle notes help provide visual. Acids, bases, and salts, class 10 chapter 2 science notes are prepared by the subject experts to help students in their preparations. Acids and bases, ph scale doodle notes by kates classroom. Notice the inverse relationship between the ph and poh scales.
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